Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Differences) Test

This test is used for testing the significance of unplanned pairwise comparisons. When you do multiple significance tests, the chance of finding a “significant” difference just by chance increases. Tukey’s HSD test is one of several methods of ensuring that the chance of finding a significant difference in any comparison (under a null model) is maintained at the alpha level of the test. In other words, it preserves “family-wise type I error.”