The covariance between two random variables X and Y is the expected value of the product of the variables’ deviations from their means. If there is a high probability that large values of X go with large values of Y and small values of X go with small values of Y, then the covariance between X and Y will be positive; if there is a high probability that small values of X go with large values of Y and large values of X go with small values of Y, then the covariance will be negative.
Statistics and data science, defined
Covariance
Where this gets used
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